Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition that makes bones weak and more likely to break. Because bones lose strength over time, even a small fall can cause a fracture. In fact, many people do not know they have osteoporosis until they break a bone. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis affects millions of people worldwide. It is most common in older adults, especially women after menopause. However, men can also develop osteoporosis. Early detection is important for better bone health.

Common Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Often, osteoporosis does not cause symptoms in the early stages. But as the disease progresses, you may notice signs. For example, you might experience:

Back pain, often caused by a broken or collapsed bone in the spine

Loss of height over time

A stooped posture

Bone fractures that happen easily, even from minor falls

Because these symptoms can be subtle, it is important to pay attention to any changes in your body. If you notice any of these signs, talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Osteoporosis happens when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak. Several risk factors can increase your chances of developing osteoporosis. These include:

Age: Risk increases as you get older

Gender: Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis

Family history: Having a parent with osteoporosis raises your risk

Low body weight or small frame

Low calcium or vitamin D intake

Physical inactivity

Smoking or heavy alcohol use

Certain medicines, such as steroids

Medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or thyroid problems

Because some risk factors cannot be changed, it is important to focus on those you can control. For example, eating well and staying active can help protect your bones.

How Osteoporosis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose osteoporosis. Most often, they use a bone density test called a DEXA scan. This test measures how strong your bones are. In addition, your doctor may ask about your medical history and risk factors. Blood tests can also help rule out other conditions. Early diagnosis is key, because it allows for better osteoporosis treatment options and prevention.

Treatment Options for Osteoporosis

There are many osteoporosis treatment options available. Your doctor will choose the best plan based on your needs. Common treatments include:

Medicines to slow bone loss or build new bone

Calcium and vitamin D supplements

Exercise programs to improve strength and balance

Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol

Because treatment works best when started early, do not wait to seek help if you are at risk.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Preventing osteoporosis is possible with healthy habits. Here are some tips on how to prevent osteoporosis:

Eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, like dairy, leafy greens, and fish

Stay active with weight-bearing exercises, such as walking or dancing

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol use

Maintain a healthy weight

Get regular check-ups and bone density tests as recommended

Because prevention starts early, teach children and teens about bone health. However, it is never too late to make changes for stronger bones.

When to See a Doctor

If you have osteoporosis risk factors or notice symptoms like easy bone fractures or a loss of height, consult your doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications. Your doctor will guide you on the best steps for maintaining healthy bones.

In summary, osteoporosis is a common condition that can be effectively managed and prevented. Consult a healthcare professional at KRISHAN HOSPITAL & CRITICAL CARE CENTRE for personalized advice on osteoporosis prevention and management.